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the issue of grooming has been investigated in relation with earnings for which there exist and it is presented empirical …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011260932
the issue of grooming has been investigated in relation with earnings for which there exist and it is presented empirical …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010957797
Elaborate secondary sexual traits, such as the ornamental plumage of birds, may be favored by female choice because they serve as honest indicators of male quality. Elaborate traits are thought to be honest signals because they are expensive to produce and increase predation risk. Here we...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008581727
Grooming among female Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) was studied to test some predictions derived from the … application of biological market theory. Contrary to expectations, Japanese macaques did not time match the duration of grooming … reciprocated and nonreciprocated grooming in different ways. However, they did reciprocate total amount of grooming received. These …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008581772
Ectoparasites such as ticks have a negative effect on host fitness, whereas parasite-defense grooming is effective in … removing ticks. The central control (programmed grooming) model proposes that animals engage in preventive tick …-defense grooming in response to an internal timing mechanism, even in the absence of peripheral stimulation from parasites. This model …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008581922
Environmental radiological assessments rely heavily on the use of mathematical models. The predictions of these models are inherently uncertain because these models are inexact representations of real systems. The major sources of this uncertainty are related to biases in model formulation and...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009435418
The Department of Energy's (DOE) Small Business Program is characterized by its diligent involvement in the procurement process to enhance participation by small businesses, small disadvantaged businesses, labor surplus area firms, and women-owned businesses. The DOE's primary means of securing...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009435994
This report documents Reynolds Electrical Engineering Co., Inc., analysis of all major job groups with explanations if minorities and females are underutilized in any one or more job group. Goals and timetables have been developed and good faith efforts are directed to correct any deficiencies....
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009437376
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10004172414
To what degree does reciprocal altruism add to the explanation of the human way of group living? That is the main question of this paper. In order to find an answer to this question, we use the Social Evolution Model (SEM) that has been developed earlier. It allows us to investigate both the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005518623