, did not contribute to democratization nor to the stabilization of volatile political, military and economic structures …. Both the portrayal of Guinea-Bissau as failed ‘narco state' as well as Western aid meant to stabilize this state are based … on doubtful concepts. Certainly, the impact of drug trafficking could endanger democratization and state-building if …

Bangladesh and Pakistan had very divergent experiences with aid after 1971. Politics in Pakistan was less inclusive in … terms of opportunities for intermediate class political entrepreneurs. In this context, the significant role of military aid …

Ghana’s 2008 elections have been hailed by national and international observers as a model for Africa. This perception … dangerous time bomb of unresolved conflict which could explode in future elections. …

Backed by peaceful but undemocratic presidential (2010) and legislative (July 2013) elections the Gnassingbé regime … including the time and again reported local elections were condoned by the donor community. However, simmering discontent of the … remained tarnished. The tense political climate persisted in view of the upcoming presidential elections in April 2015 and the …

Building on the formal literature on democratization, this paper models a dictator’s choice between closed … elections make revolt more likely to succeed. Implications are drawn for how economic inequality, regime strength, and …

€œforce†free and fair elections do not have a particularly beneficial effect on long-term democratic outcomes. Our results suggest … the literature on democratization. …

how elections and representative democracy influences the allocation of public resources. In this paper we exploit a … when the leader is appointed by upper level officials). Thus, in this way it is possible to conclude that democratization … be reelected. In this way, we argue that the link between elections and investment may be a rural China version of pork …