Tax increment financing (TIF) has been a popular and controversial economic development tool for several decades. This research considers the determinants of competitive dynamics, equity, and path dependency on TIF use. The authors use logistic and ordinary least squares regressions on the...

In 1994's Agreement on Internal Trade, Canada's governments included a Code of Conduct on Incentives, which banned provincial subsidies to induce the relocation of existing facilities from one province to another. Based on interviews with federal officials, economic development consultants, and...