Innovations have the potential to create value by generating rents (primary appropriability), or they can be used as background knowledge for further innovations and value creation (generative appropriability). Because these possibilities exist, organisations need to make strategic decisions on...

Networked R&D has faced upheaval over the last decade. However, in order to fully benefit from collaboration, firms need to embrace paradoxes that are inherent in R&D networks. We therefore investigate how orchestration (rather than traditional management) of relationships by improving...

The knowledge protection/sharing dilemma related to innovation activities is becoming known to all firms, even though it is generally more notable for SMEs: the small size of the firms inherently creates a need for inter-organizational collaboration, but it also makes dealing with the related...

Prior research has shown that the level of communication has an effect on the learning outcomes in R&D alliances and, subsequently, on performance. The level of communication depends on issues such as the systems that enhance knowledge sharing and the factors that deter knowledge flows, such as...