A study is presented on the characteristics of the air source heat pump (ASHP) under two kinds of typical mal-defrost phenomena. The definition of the “Mal-defrost phenomena” is put forward, and the possible origins of their occurrence are analyzed. It is concluded that the current defrost...

While technological innovations are important for many industries, take-off sales for innovative products can have long lead times due to a variety of factors. This article identifies the main parameters affecting digital camera take-off sales in the US between 2001 and 2004. The study...