Fair trade critiques the historical inequalities inherent in international trade and seeks to promote social justice by creating alternative networks linking marginalized producers (typically in the global South) with progressive consumers (typically in the global North). The first of its kind,...

type="main" xml:lang="en" <title type="main">ABSTRACT</title> <p>The nature of activism concerned with the activities of transnational corporations has changed in recent years. In the 1990s, an increasing number of NGOs opted for collaboration as opposed to confrontation. By the turn of the millennium, there were signs that...</p>

The social and environmental performances of big enterprises are increasingly coming under regulatory regimes that aim to reassert social control over them to improve their social obligations. In practice, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has its limitations for long term sustainability....