The study analyzes the relationship among domestic debt-inflation-domestic debt cost-external debt-external dependency-crisis in the Ottoman Empire and in the Republic of Turkey. The study discusses that the monetary based explanations have not been satisfactory for the period of 1830-2005...

The causality relationship between economic growth and coal, natural gas and oil consumption was investigated using the ARDL (autoregressive distributed lag bounds) testing approach for the 1980–2011 period in Brazil, Russian, India, China, Turkey and South Africa. According to long-run and...

It is commonly known that due to reasons which range on a wide spectrum; such as curiosity, religious purposes, healing of health problems; people have touristic movements till antiquity. The fact that such movements were done by specific group or approach to such movements as luxury...