Various types of linked structures between added rows on a rutile TiO2(110) surface have been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). A new type of linked structure, cycle-link structure comprised of eight oxygen atoms and six titanium atoms, has been observed for the first time on...

The assembled structures of triangular symmetrically shape molecules with three functional groups, trimesic acid (TMA) and melamine, have been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy on Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG) in ambient. Hexagonal porous structures are formed by these...

Innovation Spaces in Asia provides insight into how and why Asia is poised to impact global innovation. Asia is undergoing rapid developments in markets, sources of technology and user preferences. A key characteristic of the book is the rich empirical understanding of the dynamic processes,...

These findings suggest increasing PD use among incident dialysis patients would be cost-effective, associated with reduced costs and potential modest improvements in quality of life. </AbstractSection> Copyright The Author(s) 2014

In this analysis of real-world PN use, MCB PN is associated with lower costs than compounded PN with regards to both PN acquisition and potential avoidance of BSI. Our base case indicates that $US1545 per PN patient may be saved; even if as few as 50% of PN patients are candidates for standardized...

We examine the intertemporal optimal consumption and investmentproblem in a continuous-time economy with a divisible durable good. Consumption services are assumed to be proportional to the stock of the good held and adjustment of the stock is costly, in that it involves the payment of a...

Retirement flexibility and inability to borrow against future labor income can significantly affect optimal consumption and investment. With voluntary retirement, there exists an optimal wealth-towage ratio threshold for retirement and human capital correlates negatively with the stock market...

Costly information acquisition makes it rational for investors to obtain important economic news only with limited frequency or limited accuracy. We show that this rational inattention to important news may make investors overinvest or underinvest. In addition, the optimal trading strategy is...

We present a simple, Glosten-Milgrom type equilibrium model to analyze the decision of informed traders on whether to use limit or market orders. We show that even after incorporating an order's price impact, not only may informed traders prefer to use limit orders, but the probability that they...

Transactions, market orders and limit orders are three major factors which affect a specialist's information set and her inventory position. In modeling a specialist's quote updating process, before any exclusion of any of these factors, one should first address the fundamental question of their...