type="main" xml:lang="en" <title type="main">ABSTRACT</title> <p>It is common sense that refill packs can increase the repeated use of durable goods, reduce resource waste and be conducive to environmental protection. However, their existence also has an economic effect. For instance, we find that the profit of a...</p>

Because of a deterioration in the quality of the environment, this paper studies the effects of the environment and the economy on environmental technology licensing in a homogeneous Cournot duopoly model in order to reduce environmental pollution and hence improve social welfare. To this end,...

Environmental protection plans cannot succeed without full cooperation among related units. However, inconsistent investment preferences toward environmental protection increase the damage to the environment. This article employs the contract mechanism to analyse environmental protection effects...

Using transactions data, we find significant magnet effects of price limit rules in Taiwan Stock Exchange (TSEC). Consistent with Subrahmanyam (1994), we find that when limit hits are imminent, trading activities intensify with higher volumes and volatility. More importantly, our transactions...

A traditional DEA (data envelopment analysis) model is useful for estimating the best performances for a successful and a more efficiency DMU (decision-making unit). This study uses a traditional DEA model to estimate the efficiency score of bank z in Taiwan and get a good efficiency score based...

While the previous literature shows that a decline in energy intensity represents an improvement in energy use efficiency, it does not provide a target level of energy intensity, nor what room for improvement in terms of energy intensity could entail. This study establishes an indicator of such...

We use the finite repeated Prisoners' Dilemma game model herein to discuss how firms choose their optimal strategy under a price war with market demand growth. This model has two players: one is an R-type player and the other is a TFT-type player. Each player has two strategies to choose from: a...