When exogenously imposed, rank-order tournaments have incentive properties but their overall efficiency is reduced by a high variance in performance (Bull, Schotter, and Weigelt 1987). However, since the efficiency of performance-related pay is attributable both to its incentive effect and to...

The purpose of this paper is to test some predictions from the literature concerning firms' choices of methods of pay for their managerial employees, and to provide estimates of the effects of performance pay on individual productivity using individual earnings as a mesure of productivity.

The purpose of this paper is to test Becker and Murphy's (1988) rational addiction model on (35 years of) time series data on alcohol consumption in each of the four Nordic countries: Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. The empirical relevance of rational addiction theory is assessed by...