Data provided by 7380 middle managers from 60 nations are used to determine whether demographic variables are correlated with managers’ reliance on vertical sources of guidance in different nations and whether these correlations differ depending on national culture characteristics. Significant...

The study examines the role of organizational justice (OJ) in promoting extra role behavior (ERB). OJ is a multi dimensional construct and involves fairness of reward/resource allocation decisions, procedural aspects of these decisions, fairness in interpersonal treatment, and fairness in...

The study proposed to examine perceived norms (need, equality, merit) of resource distribution and fairness using student samples representing the same religion (i.e., Islam) but different cultural backgrounds (Malays and Internationals). The design also included gender and type of resource...