Despite the recent increase in 'born-global' studies, there has been little research on how the scale and scope of being a born-global firm affects performance: most of the earlier research takes no account either the number of or the distances between the countries on firm or export...

The already well-documented emergence of born globals, or international new ventures, has created a demand for new approaches to internationalization. The main models challenging the ‘traditional’ process identified in the literature are the born-global and ‘born-again’ global...