There are two approaches to seasonal adjustment of an aggregate time series: direct and indirect one. Direct seasonal adjustment is obtained by applying the seasonal adjustment to the aggregate series while indirect adjustment is aggregation of seasonally adjusted sub-components. Except under...

The process of European integration has necessitated the analysis of the economic convergence between the old and new member states of the European Union (EU). To this end, this paper examines business and consumer surveys (BCS) through the prism of the economic convergence of new member...

Business and consumer surveys (B-C-S) are qualitative economic surveys designed to deal with judgments and expectations of economic agents and consumers. They are a necessary complement to the quantitative statistical surveys. Information from business and consumer surveys serve as a subset of...