During the economic crisis of 2008 and 2009, governments in Europe stabilized their economies by means of fiscal policy. After decades of absence, deficit spending was used to counteract the heavy decline in demand. In Germany, public spending went partially into R&D subsidies in favor of small...

Even though state aid in order to rescue or restructure ailing companies is regularly granted by European governments, it is often controversially discussed. The aims for rescuing companies are manifold and vary from social, industrial and even political considerations. Well-known examples are...

Das ostdeutsche Forschungs- und Innovationssystem ist einerseits durch eine gut ausgebaute öffentliche Wissenschaftsinfrastruktur und andererseits durch ein relativ niedriges Niveau an industrieller Forschung und Entwicklung (FuE) charakterisiert. So erreichen die FuE-Ausgaben in der...

Abstract This paper will give an overview of the literature, concerning investments in the public sector. With regarding investment in the public sector in general, the discount factors and the risk the investors are confronted with, must therefore be taken into account. For analyzing the public...

The recent trend toward decarbonization led to crucial challenges for network operators and regulators in terms of network reliability and optimal grid expansion. In order to analyze the effects of rising shares of renewable energy sources on investment decisions in both, the generation and the...

A recent highly disputed subject of regulating energy markets in Europe is the unbundling of vertically integrated up-and downstream firms. While legal unbundling is already implemented in most countries and indisputable in its necessity for approaching regulatory aims, continuative models such...

With the liberalization of energy markets integrated energy companies have separated into entities that specialize in production and/or transmission of energy. Transmission of energy requires balancing the grid to guarantee system security, which is performed by the (independent) system operator...

This paper is the first to explicitly test for the presence of a trade-off between static and dynamic efficiency and a trade-off between vertical economies and competition in a regulated industry, the electricity industry. We show for 16 European countries over the period 1998–2008 that higher...