Propensity score matching provides an estimate of the effect of a treatment variable on an outcome variable that is largely free of bias arising from an association between treatment status and observable variables. However, matching methods are not robust against hidden bias arising from...

The paper addresses the driving forces behind recent changes in labour market outcomes among market entrants in Europe. Based on data for 12 European countries from the 1988-97 European Community Labour Force Surveys, the empirical analyses estimate panel data models to assess the effects of...

European unification represents major challenges to national institutional frameworks as well as significant pressures for institutional convergence. So far, labour markets have actually seen relatively little convergence, and national institutions have remained highly distinct. Against this...