The comovement between exports and productivity observed in many countries suggests a direct link between these two variables. This paper tries to establish whether such a causal link exists for four developed market economies, using co-integration and Granger-causality techniques. These...

Globalization has been identified by many experts as a new way firms organize their activities. This paper surveys recent work which examines the role of trade integration between similar and dissimilar countries for these changes in corporate organization. It is shown that international...

This paper sees countertrade as a means by which the PCPEs (previously centrally planned economies) and LDCs extract some of the monopoly profits from firms in OECD countries to subsidize their exports. Viewed in this way, countertrade is an exchange of market entry for marketing assistance in...

Countertrade transactions may cover 20 percent of international trade yet are little researched. Testing several coherent models on 230 transactions (mainly East-West), the authors find (1) strong evidence that they effect price discrimination for Western exporters; (2) no support for a model...

Difficulties in contract enforcement impede international transactions in the world economy and domestic transactions in transition economies. In Contracts in Trade and Transition, Dalia Marin and Monika Schnitzer explain how barter as an economic institution can facilitate contract enforcement...