The Markowitz portfolio optimization model, popularly known as the Mean-Variance model, assumes that stockreturns follow normal distribution. But when stock returns do not follow normal distribution, this model wouldbe inadequate as it would prescribe sub-optimal portfolios. Stock market...

Corporate governance encompasses the processes for board effectiveness and enhanced transparent disclosures. Both these requirements result in improved quality and quantity of information made available to investors, which in turn is expected to result in informed trading, reduced information...

After 2000, the corporate boards have become more independent and active in pursuing share holders interests. Corporate governance reformers strongly believe that Independent directors can be effective monitors. Never the less, there is still intense debate over the extent an independent board...