As of May 2003, $7.6 trillion (or 58%) of the aggregate value of the U.S. stock market represented "future value"-that portion of value that does not depend on current operating performance but rather on anticipated growth. This concept of future growth value is especially important in newer...

Given the increased discussion on the development of metrics to manage intangible resources, there is a need for a review of the most important tools available to managers for this purpose. This article reviews four measurement systems currently popular among practitioners: (i) human resource...