In many areas of social science, researchers want to use latent measures of ability as independent variables. Often cognitive test scores are used to measure this latent trait. Many social scientists do not model the measurement error inherent in the test score. I introduce the Mixed Effects...

A standard problem in social science attempts to better understand the large wage disparities between black and white workers in U. S. labor markets. Social scientists have conducted hundreds of studies of observed racial wage gaps, seeking to understand the extent to which they are driven by...

Many promising efforts in the social sciences aim to measure future outcomes (such as wages or health outcomes) given some base level of human capital or ability. They typically fail to recognize the proxies for human capital are all measured with error, creating bias in regression analysis....