Le systeme des droits de propriete intellectuelle (DPI) a connu cette derniere decennie de profondes mutations au niveau international, avec notamment la signature de l'accord relatif aux " aspects des droits de propriete intellectuelle qui touchent au commerce " (ADPIC) ou accord TRIPS, negocie...

This article presents an empirical study of all the cartels convicted by the European Commission, from 1969 to 2009 (111 cartels). It provides an analysis of their characteristics in terms of organizational structures, affected industries and markets, cartels effects on prices, cartels duration,...

In 1991, Bryant and Eckard estimated the annual probability that a cartel would be detected by the US Federal authorities, conditional on being detected, to be at most between 13 % and 17 %. 15 years later, we estimated the same probability over a European sample and we found an annual...

[eng] This paper investigates how licensing between competitors can create significant barriers to competition. Several theoretical models have shown that licensing an innovation to a competitor can facilitate collusion, deter entry by more efficient firms or hinder technological progress. As a...

[eng] R&D alliances have been recently the subject of an abondant litterature (transaction costs approach, evolutionnary perspective, technological externalities theory). But these different approaches focus principally on the internal gain of R&D alliance (so called the «specific gain») which...

Reformed under NAFTA negotiations and in compliance with the TRIPs Agreement (Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights) when Mexico joined the World Trade Organization, patent protection for pharmaceuticals in this country has been reinforced since 1991 with the new Industrial Property Law....