En Algérie, peu d’études empiriques se sont focalisées sur le processus de l’innovation dans les PME pouvant expliquer l’implication de ces entreprises dans ce processus, les phénomènes susceptibles d’influer sur leur capacité à innover, et les obstacles qui entravent le...

The failure in 1697 of the 'Malt Lottery', the second Lottery-Loan, presents a beautiful case study. From a practical point of view, it tells us three things. 1) The technical features of the English State lotteries-loan were established for more than a century after only three experiments. 2)...

After a long period of state control of the telecommunication market, one has seen its opening, which has led to a multiplication of phone houses in Nouakchott. The management of these companies associates, with important elements of rationality, other more problematic behavior. Two sample...