There are three principal redistributive fiscal instruments available to governments in modern mixed economies: a) progressive taxes on income or assets, b) monetary transfers (social security and social assistance), and c) non- monetary transfers, or the subsidized provision of goods and services.

This paper provides preliminary estimates of the productivity impact of intelligent machine technology (IMT) and the rate of return to IMT research and development (R&D) over the next two decades. The paper adapts economists' traditional productivity growth model to enable the use of industrial...

How much redistribution and poverty reduction is being accomplished in Latin America through social spending, subsidies, and taxes? Standard fiscal incidence analyses applied to Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay using a comparable methodology yields the following results....

A comprehensive tax and benefit incidence analysis is presented covering the redistributive fiscal instruments implemented in Mexico in 2008 and 2010, representative of the urban and rural sectors, as well as nationally. The expansion of basic social programs and effectively targeted direct...