This paper provides empirical evidence of an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for Portugal by applying autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approach from 1971 to 2008. In order to capture Portugal’s historical experience, demographic changes and international trade on...

The paper provides empirical evidence of an EKC – a relationship between income and environmental degradation for Portugal by applying autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) to times series data. In order to capture Portugal’s historical experience, demographic changes, and international...

The paper examines the asymmetric behavior of the lending-deposit spread in South Africa over the period 1990M1 to 2010M7. The paper employs threshold autoregressive (TAR) and momentum threshold autoregressive (MTAR) unit root tests to detect any asymmetries in the lending-deposit spread. We...

This paper specifies a model in which we investigate the interrelationship of economic growth, electricity consumption and foreign direct investment. We find that foreign direct investment and electricity consumption are only cointegrated when GDP is the dependent variable. With respect to...

We investigate the empirical validity of the monetary model of the exchange rate (Rand/Dollar=ZAR/$ ) using a technique (ARDL Bounds test) capable of testing for the existence of a long-run relationship regardless of whether the underlying time series are individually I(I) or I(0). Monetary...

This paper adopts the bounds testing approach to test for the validity of the cointegration or stationarity restriction embodied in five import demand model specifications for CIBS during the period 1970-2007. It identifies long-run relationships in a subset of the five models for each CIBS...

In this paper, we assess whether trade among member countries of a regional trade agreement (intra-regional trade) contributes more to output growth than trade with nonmember countries (extra-regional trade). We use Granger causality tests to evaluate the trade-growth relationship in 13...

[Abstract]: This study explores the roles of foreign capital inflows and domestic financial sector development on economic growth in the case of Pakistan. Using annual data series of World Bank and Economic Survey of Pakistan over the period of 1971-2008, ARDL bounds testing approach to...