Facility quality is dependent on the performance of utility infrastructure and local weather conditions in addition to social context. Theoretically, improvements in facility quality such as energy performance should reduce marginal costs of consumption for occupiers so as to increase asset...

The established approach to impact assessment is baseline-led, whereby the conditions that are likely to prevail in the absence of a proposed initiative are used as the "benchmarks" for determining the significance of impacts. Proponents of sustainable development (SD) criticise this approach...

This paper presents a review undertaken to understand the concept of ‘future-proofing’ the energy performance of buildings. The long lifecycles of the building stock, the impacts of climate change and the requirements for low carbon development underline the need for long-term thinking from...

Yu et al. (2008) establish asymptotic properties of quasi-maximum likelihood estimators for a stable spatial dynamic panel model with fixed effects when both the number of individuals n and the number of time periods T are large. This paper investigates unstable cases where there are unit roots...

For many time series in empirical macro and finance, it is assumed that the logarithm of the series is a unit root process. Since we may want to assume a stable growth rate for the macroeconomics time series, it seems natural to potentially model such a series as a unit root process with drift....

This paper investigates the asymptotic properties of quasi-maximum likelihood estimators for spatial dynamic panel data with fixed effects, when both the number of individuals n and the number of time periods T are large. We consider the case where T is asymptotically large relative to n, the...

We demonstrate that standard methods of asymptotic inference break down for a binary choice duration model in a time series setting. This is because the dependent variable has a degenerate limit distribution, which makes the asymptotic variance-covariance matrix singular.