This paper offers the history of the Banco Español de Puerto Rico from its creation in 1888 to its liquidation in 1913. The Banco Español was the sole note-issuing institution of the island until 1898, when Puerto Rico was transferred to the United States. The establishment of the Bank was...

TThis paper explains the process by which the Bank of Spain became a national bank, first by obtaining the monopoly of issue in 1874 and then by extending its sphere of financial action by creating the country's only network of bank branches before 1900. The implementation of a "unified or...

Financial crises are not unique to current financial systems. Are crises alike? Have they become more frequent, longer lasting and more severe since the 20^th century? What does history tell us? The objective of this paper is to study the financial crises that have occurred in Spain over the last...

This paper reviews the financing of the Spanish civil war. We present new evidence showing that the combatants, the Republican government, and the Franco administration followed similar financial strategies. We argue, contrary to established wisdom, that both sides consumed similar shares of...

El Servicio de Estudios del Banco de España se creó en diciembre de 1930, fecha tardía teniendo en cuenta que la mayoría de bancos centrales de países europeos ya tenían un servicio de investigaciones y de estudios. Esta innovación en la organización interna del Banco de España está...

The gold standard began to emerge as a universal monetary system in the late 1870s, and it had spread throughout the world economy by 1900. It was unusual for nations to be off the gold standard, and it meant that they were detached from the international financial community. Spain never joined...

This important book offers an overview of Spanish economic development in the last hundred years. It supplies the reader with a variety of papers which deal both with the central issue of Spanish economic history, namely the relative backwardness of the economy, and with specific topics,...

Obstáculos comerciales a la transición nutricional en la España de comienzos del siglo XX.

Este trabajo estudia las relaciones entre Hacienda y agricultura en España durante el siglo XIX, a través de la presión fiscal soportada por la renta agraria. Un primer apartado es de carácter metodológico. El segundo describe brevemente la reforma tributaria de 1845 que implantó en...