We construct a semi endogenous growth model with firm heterogeneity, endogenous international spillover, and international trade and investigate the effects of further exposure to trade on R&D difficulty and welfare. Further exposure has ambiguous effects on R&D difficulty, increases when the...

We show that manufacturing firms locate only in northern regions when transportation costs are not high, and in both northern and southern regions when transportation costs are high; we do so through the use of a semi-endogenous research and development growth model with international trade,...

We consider a semi endogenous R&D growth model with international trade, firm heterogeneity, and local knowledge spillover in a closed economy and international knowledge spillover in a symmetric two country economy. We show that by opening trade R&D difficulty (the number of varieties produced)...

Various arrangements in vertical relationships have evolved in different countries to attain efficient trading relationships. Vertical relationships in Japan can be identified to have distinctive characteristics in several aspects compared with those in other countries. This study is a...

This paper examines the effects of structural changes in financial system on corporate system, particularly finance and employment in Japan, and discusses the underlying problems and the future directions. Japanese corporate system can be characterized to be cooperative long-term relationships...

We present a simple two(-country) by two(-good) differental game model of international trade in which the governments of the two countries play a tariff-setting game. We explicitly derive a unilateral optimum tarifff rate and then a Markov-perfect equilibrium pair of tariff strategies...

The leading Japanese companies have been competitive over the long run. They have also been successful in creating high customer satisfaction. This paper is primarily concerned with excellent practices of marketing. This paper is to describe major characteristics in marketing strategy of the...

This paper describes and compares the regulation and supervision of banks in Japan and Germany. We have chosen these countries because they have both bank-dominated financial systems and belong to the same law tradition, yet, bank stability differs significantly. We ask to what extent these...

Measured by the size of their respective currency areas, the Bank of Japan and Eurosystem both belong to the most important central banks in the world. Though they have many institutional features in common and conduct monetary policy almost in similar ways, there are still important...

From 2002 the German Corporate Governance Commission introduced a Corporate. Governance Code to companies listed on the German stock exchange. The Code provides blanket recommendations. Each company in noncompliance with one or more of the recommendations must explain in writing. The present...