Which firms find it optimal to integrate their input suppliers into the firm boundaries of control (vertical integration)? Which firms choose to expand their sourcing activities across the national border (offshoring)? This letter provides novel evidence on these questions based on a Spanish...

Economic globalization causes an increasing international fragmentation (disintegration) of value-added chains, whereby firms outsource components of production to foreign markets. There is a high level of concern about unwelcome distributional effects. This paper provides a theoretical...

Will the incentives to pursue strategically motivated trade or industrial policies rise of rall if countries integrate? Economists have emphasized that one of the principal channels for welfare gains of Europe 1992 is a reduction of intra-European real trade coosts. This paper identifies the...

This article unifies two approaches for identifying the welfare and wage effects of immigration, one emphasizing the immigration surplus, the other stressing a potential welfare loss due to a terms-of-trade effect. We decompose the native welfare effect into a standard complementarity effect,...

This paper takes a welfare-view on eastern enlargement of the EU, focusing on incumbent countries. Enlargement is decomposed into three elements: Single-market integration on commodity markets, budgetary costs from EU-expenditure policies, and single market- induced migration from new to present...