The colony patterns of Bacillus circulans on agar medium were experimentally investigated to study about the growth mode transition. From the optical microscopic observation, the bacteria distribute inside the medium, that is, the colony grows three-dimensionally (3D) in the soft agar condition...

We previously proposed the gas phase stoichiometric ratio (<em>SRgas</em>) as an index to evaluate NO<em>_x</em> concentration in fuel-rich flames. The<em> SRgas</em> index was defined as the amount of fuel required for stoichiometric combustion/amount of gasified fuel, where the amount of gasified fuel was the amount of...

This paper extends the Cass criterion for production efficiency to include uncertainty and uses it to show that a stock-market equilibrium in an overlapping-generations model with production uncertainty is efficient. It also develops a no-bubbles asset-pricing formula. Results are compared with...

In this paper we compare the regional network relationships of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the mechanical engineering and related metal manufacturing industries in Japan and Germany. We show that the structure of network relationships is still largely determined by traditional...