In this paper, a numerical model is established to predict the phase change material (PCM) melting process in porous media. The heat transfer enhancement technique using metal foam in a shell-and-tube type latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) unit is investigated. The solid–liquid phase...

The spatial variation of the statistical characteristics of the extreme dry events, such as the annual maximum dry spell length (AMDSL), is a key practice for regional drought analysis and mitigation management. For arid and semi arid regions, where the data set is short and insufficient, the...

Spatial patterns of daily precipitation indices and their temporal trends over Iran are investigated using the APHRODITE gridded daily precipitation dataset for the period 1961–2004. The performance and limitations of the gridded dataset are checked against observations at ten rain-gauge...

A regional low flow frequency analysis in the north of Iran using L-moments was carried out. Low flow events have been represented by the 7-day annual minimum series and the L-moments approach was used to assign these data into homogenous regions. According to the homogeneity measure and...

Let X1,…,Xn be i.i.d. copies of random variable X where 0E|X|∞ and let X̄=1n∑i=1nXi. One can show that X1−X̄,…,Xn−X̄ are exchangeable, and as a result identically distributed, but not independent. We use this result to prove that for n≥3, X is symmetric about a point if and only...