Using data from a 1988 survey of business school graduates, the authors analyze gender differentials in earnings by form of pay-total pay, base pay, and contingent pay-with controls for human capital, occupation, job level, and individual characteristics. The results indicate that within...

"This article describes the results of a survey of professional workers that was designed to explore the underlying reasons for the widely documented underrepresentation of women in information technology (IT) jobs. Our analysis suggests that it is different occupational personalities between...

Despite increases in female labor force participation, women remain substantially under represented in most scientific and technical fields. The small number of women in engineering, physics, chemistry, computer science and other similar fields has variously been attributed to discrimination,...