In 2004, Japan abolished part of its spousal exemption regulations. This paper examines, on theoretical and empirical levels, the effects of this tax reform on the income of married women, allowing for heterogeneous effects across income distribution. The empirical results from quantile...

Japan’s traditional long-term employment practice, loosely termed “lifetime employment,” once attracted much attention, but its fortunes have not been tracked since the 1990s. The authors use micro data from the Japanese government’s Basic Survey on Wage Structure to estimate permanent...

Japan's traditional long-term employment practice, loosely termed “lifetime employment,†once attracted much attention, but its fortunes have not been tracked since the 1990s. The authors use micro data from the Japanese government's Basic Survey on Wage Structure to estimate permanent...

(19892003). We perform several decomposition analyses of changes in the distribution of the hourly wage. We observe that lower returns to education and years of tenure contribute to a diminishing income disparity between groups for both sexes. A larger variance within a group contributes to the...

By using the empirical likelihood (EL), we consider the construction of pointwise confidence intervals (CIs) for nonparametric nonlinear nonstationary regression models with nonlinear nonstationary heterogeneous errors. It is well known that the EL-based CI has attractive properties such as data...

Game theory presents a useful analytical tool for addressing the problem of international cooperation and the formation of institutions. We first examine four problems that must be solved to achieve international cooperation: the common knowledge problem, agreement problem, compliance problem,...

The Japanese Consumer Price Index (CPI) is considered to be upwardly biased. This paper estimated the Engel curve based on National Survey of Family Income and Expenditure data to measure the bias. The estimated bias for the period 1989 to 2004 was 0.53 percentage points per annum. Correcting...

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