The adoption of the euro led to a shift in importance from country to industry effects in euro zone stock returns. For the first time, this paper shows that country effects have regained importance in the recent spate of crises. This euro-wide factor reversal is driven by countries with poor...

While recent studies document increasing idiosyncratic volatility over the past four decades, an explanation for this trend remains elusive. We establish a theoretical link between growth options available to managers and the idiosyncratic risk of equity. Empirically both the level and variance...

While recent studies document increasing idiosyncratic volatility over the past four decades, an explanation for this trend remains elusive. We establish a theoretic link between growth options available to managers and the idiosyncratic risk of equity. Empirically both the level and variance of...

This research examines why and how brand owners in China adopt and use mobile media in marketing campaigns to deliver co-creation brand experiences and build consumer relationships. China represents an interesting case to study as it has leapfrogged into the age of consumer society and mobile...

Due to advantages such as high energy density, high power density, rapid charge and discharge, high cyclic-life, and environmentally friendly, flywheel energy storage systems (FESs) are widely used in various fields. However, the performance of FES systems depends on the performance of a high...

This paper investigated a 12-slot/11-pole flux switching permanent magnet (FSPM) machine used for electric vehicles (EVs). Five novel rotor teeth shapes are proposed and researched to reduce the cogging torque and torque ripple of the FSPM machine. These rotor teeth shapes are notched teeth,...

This paper investigates the valuation of currency options when the underlying currency follows a mean‐reverting lognormal process with multi‐scale stochastic volatility. A closed‐form solution is derived for the characteristic function of the log‐asset price. European options are then...

Axial flux permanent-magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) are very suitable candidates for the power train of electric vehicles (EVs) due to high power density and high efficiency. This paper researches an axial flux PMSM with radially sliding permanent magnets (PMs) to fulfill field-weakening...

In China, the area of existing buildings in urban and rural has exceeded 43 billion m2 at present and more than 90% of them are high energy consumption buildings, which have poor thermal insulation performance, low energy efficiency technologies and equipments, and severe energy waste in HVAC...

Actual operation energy consumption of the high energy efficiency buildings built and operated in China and U.S. has been quite different than expected. This paper compares actual energy consumption to expect high energy efficiency office buildings in U.S. and China. Considering the different...