In narrow waterways, closed ships might interact due to hydrodynamic forces. To avoid clashes, different lane-changing rules are required. In this paper, a two-lane cellular automata model is proposed to investigate the traffic flow patterns in narrow water channels. Numerical experiments show...

This paper proposes a liner hub-and-spoke shipping network design problem by introducing the concept of a main port, as well as some container shipping constraints such as multi-type container shipment and transit time constraints, which are seldom considered in the previous studies. It develops...

Maritime cabotage is a legislation published by a particular coastal country, which is used to conduct the cargo transportation between its two domestic ports. This paper proposes a two-phase mathematical programming model to formulate the liner hub-and-spoke shipping network design problem...

The cost-effective, large area Carbon Nanotubes and Nanofibers (CNTs–CNFs) film was synthesized on graphite substrate by low pressure and low temperature thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Successful removal of Fe3+ from water by electrosorption of CNTs–CNFs films was achieved. The...

Cu, Al, and Ti films of ~ 10 nm thickness were deposited on porous silicon (PS) at room temperature using Filtered Cathodic Vacuum Arc system and annealed at 800°C for 10 min in vacuum. The PS layers were obtained by anodization of Si wafer. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, photoluminescence...

Photoluminescence, photoabsorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study revealed that an optical transition of porous silicon from red-shift to blue-shift, and Si-2p binding energy transition from low to high at a critical anodization temperature, 343 K. Possible origin for the reverse...

Electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) film electrodes and gel polymer/polyacid electrolytes have been demonstrated. The low-cost CNTs film is directly grown on Cu–Ni current collector by low pressure and low temperature thermal chemical vapor deposition. The...

In this work, a convenient and efficient procedure to control the morphologies of Au nanocrystals has been reported. The Au nanospheres are generated in polyvinyl-pyrrolidone/ethanol glycol system through a thermal chemical method. However, by adding a small amount of K2CO3 which influences the...

Eu3+ doped silica films have been prepared by sol–gel method and employed as luminescent down-shifting layer on the front side of a crystalline Si solar cell to improve their conversion efficiency. Measurements under standard test conditions (AM1.5, 100 mW/cm2) show the conversion efficiency...

Container paths play an important role in liner shipping services with container transshipment operations. In the literature, link-based multi-commodity flow formulations are widely used for container routing. However, they have two deficiencies: the level of service in terms of the...