The adequate measurement of real estate risk is of utmost importance for asset management and real estate portfolio management. Most real estate academics agree that volatility, commonly used as a measure of real estate risk, is inappropriate for that purpose. However, volatility is still a...

Beyond their function of protecting and rewarding innovation, patents are increasingly used as mediation instruments and as vehicles for interactions. Focusing on the development of new, genetically engineered vaccines, we show that they are central components of the production of innovation. A...