The conventional approach of choosing sample size to provide 80% or greater power ignores the cost implications of different sample size choices. Costs, however, are often impossible for investigators and funders to ignore in actual practice. Here, we propose and justify a new approach for...

Cross-validation based point estimates of prediction accuracy are frequently reported in microarray class prediction problems. However these point estimates can be highly variable, particularly for small sample numbers, and it would be useful to provide confidence intervals of prediction...

We demonstrate that clinical trials using response adaptive randomized treatment assignment rules are subject to substantial bias if there are time trends in unknown prognostic factors and standard methods of analysis are used. We develop a general class of randomization tests based on...