The invention of a new ICT, the printing press, may have been a fundamental turning point in knowledge transition. But did Gutenberg�s printing press succeed in Europe because of, or despite of, government intervention? To answer the question, this paper endeavours to make a comparative...

Concerns about rising energy prices tend to occur in times of economic expansion, to disappear in times of recession. A recurring fear is that, in the long run, real energy prices will trend upwards. This paper presents evidence from five hundred years of prices of energy sources for the United...

In response to the Kyoto Protocol, an international market for carbon dioxide tradable permits is likely to be created. Two of the key issues involved are explaining the concepts of tradable permits to industrialists, policy-makers and the man on the street, and anticipating how the market will...