This paper examines how prices, markups and marginal costs respond to trade liberalization. We develop a framework to estimate markups from production data with mult-product firms. This apporoach does not require assumptions on the market structure or demand curves faced by the firms, nor...

In the context of the TRIPS agreement and the accompanying debate about the merits of the requirement to enforce product patents for pharmaceuticals, this paper provides a rigorously-derived estimate of the possible impact of pharmaceutical product patents on prices and welfare in a developing...