We analyze why firms use non-intermediated short-term debt by studying the commercial paper (CP) market. Using a comprehensive database of CP issuers and issuance activity, we show that firms use CP to provide start-up financing for capital investment. Firms' CP issuance activity is driven by a...

The leveraged buyout (LBO) boom of 2004-2007 was fueled by growth in collaterialized debt obligations (CDOs) and other forms of securitization. Banks that were active in structured credit underwriting lent more for LBOs, indicating that bank lending policies linked the LBO and CDO markets. LBO...

Using a sample-based representation scheme to capture spatial and temporal travel time correlations, this article constructs an integer programming model for finding the a priori least expected time paths. We explicitly consider the non-anticipativity constraint associated with the a priori path...

Using a space–time network to represent the choice of train trajectories, this paper proposes a fuzzy optimization framework to reschedule trains in a double-track railway network when the capacity reduction is caused by a low-probability incident. We explicitly introduce a fuzzy...

This paper presents an improved simulation method for solving the train scheduling problem to reduce the total travel time on the single-track railway. An algorithm based on the global information of the train is designed to obtain a more effective travel advance strategy of the train than the...

Focusing on solving critically important train operation problems on a railway network, this paper investigates a mathematical model for finding optimal trains movements under the consideration of operational interactions. With the predetermined routing and traversing order plan, we explicitly...

<title>Abstract</title> Railway traffic experiences disturbances during operations that cause conflicts between train paths or even deadlock situations. Dispatchers need actions to restore feasibility and limit spreading of delays through the network. To help them in such a task, the dispatching support tool...