This study focused on the Edo city and the basin of the Tokyo bay in the late 19th century. Edo is the former name of Tokyo, Japan, and was the central political city in the Edo period, which was from 1603 to 1868. In 1603 the Shogunate Government of Edo was formed, and the Edo period was ruled...

To this day in Japan, the water supply service for agricultural use has been formed as the supply-driven system. In fact, the farmers can use the utilization volume of agricultural water and they have to pay the price of agricultural water fee decided by water supplier side. However, diverse...

This paper presents an easy-to-use method for updating input-output (IO) matrices with sign-preservation by combining Lagrangian multipliers and penalty functions. Biproportional methods such as the representative RAS are very simple and popular because a target matrix can be obtained simply by...

In Mt. Fuji, self-disposal toilets installed at mountain huts by subsidy are facing difficulties in securing operation and maintenance funds. We examined whether self-disposal toilets in Mt. Fuji were installed appropriately in consideration of local conditions, the pay for these toilets was...

An integrated optimization simulation model has been developed based on an input-output approach to mitigate water pollution and water scarcity through embedding environmental economic policies and applicable technologies into a complex environ-economic system to obtain an optimal set of...

Along with the rapid economic development of China, carbon dioxide (CO<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$$_{2}$$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"> <math xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <msub> <mrow/> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </math> </EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) emissions will inevitable rise in the future. This will happen even though the Chinese government has made a series of attempts to constrain the CO<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$$_{2}$$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"> <math xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <msub> <mrow/> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </math> </EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-emissions, and is committed to reduce...</equationsource></equationsource></inlineequation></equationsource></equationsource></inlineequation>