A dynamic model of agricultural household behaviour in less developed countries in the presence of credit constraints and income uncertainty is developed. The production side of the model takes into account the irreversible and indivisible nature of non-stationary agricultural investment...

In general most nature-based recreational goods and benefits are considered positive externalities of production, as they are usually not subject to trade. So far, a low degree of rivalry among most user groups and legally defined rights has secured these benefits as almost a public good. Yet,...

Improving information about individual opportunity costs of deforestation agents has the potential to increase the efficiency of REDD when it takes the form of a payment for environmental services scheme. However, objectives pursued in REDD projects may vary across policy makers. Within a...

In 1989 the Danish Parliament announced it an official goal of the forest policy to double the Danish forest area in 60-100 years. One of the goals of this policy was to improve the recreational possibilities for the urban population. Therefore focus has been on furthering public afforestation...

A key prerequisite to ensure that payment for ecosystem services is effective is that the management measures landowners are paid to undertake are in fact additional to the status quo and hence bring about a change in provision.

Stated preference studies tell respondents that policies create environmental changes with varying levels of uncertainty. However, respondents may include their own a priori assessments of uncertainty when making choices among policy options. Using a choice experiment eliciting...

Future climate development and its effects on forest ecosystems are not easily predicted or described in terms of standard probability concepts. Nevertheless, forest managers continuously make long-term decisions that will be subject to climate change impacts. The manager's assessment of...