This paper studies the transmission mechanism of G-5 exchange rate changes within each market and across the three major markets: London, New York and Tokyo. It is found that the volatility in both the London and New York markets leads that of Tokyo. In addition, the New York market slightly...

Applying sector stock prices and oil prices in 1991:01–2009:05 from the G7 countries we find oil price shocks do not significantly impact the composite index in each country. However, stock price changes in Germany, the UK and the US were found to lead oil price changes.

Applying GMM (Arellano and Bond, 1991) to panel data of 90 countries spanning over 1992–2006, this paper explores possible relationships between military expenditure and economic growth. Based on the definitions of income levels by the World Bank – high, middle and low – our results...

This article investigates the critical issue of how Appalachian coal supply flows vary in response to changes in national coal markets and policies, with emphasis on the relative stability of traditional flows. The approach taken to analyze this stability involves the use of a quadratic...

The main objective of the paper is to decipher the military expenditure--economic growth relationship, taking the level of economic development (income) into consideration. Our findings suggest the following: (i) military expenditure has a significantly negative relationship to economic growth...