In this paper, we investigate the indirect economic effects of the Hizmet movement. Participants of the Hizmet movement have spread all around the world, opening various types of educational institutions (more than a thousand) ranging from kindergartens to universities since the early 1990s. The...

We argue that the demand for healthcare services can be better explained by individual need based variables rather than by macro variables such as the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and the share of public healthcare expenditures. This study introduces a self-rated health variable...

This work extends prior research that finds drug development is driven by demand factors such as mortality rates of the diseases new drugs are aimed at. Here we find that the number of drugs in the development pipeline is strongly positively related to the price of existing drugs treating those...

Our maintained hypothesis is that drug development responds to the intensity of consumer demand. We look at the distribution of drug development by disease and link this to the economic harm caused by disease as measured by mortality. Mortality data represent the net effect of human frailty and...