The purpose of this paper is to examine state budgeting for the costs of the First World War (WWI) in Italy. Troops, weapons and munitions were initially managed by the Ministry of War (1915-1917) and then jointly with the Ministry of Munitions (1917-1918). The change was intended to improve...

Situated in the centre of Naples, the Teatro San Carlo (TSC) was founded in 1737 by the Bourbon Crown during the Reign of the Two Sicilies (one of the several states into which Italy was divided in the eighteenth century), The theatre immediately became an object of admiration and was soon held...

The operation of the North Carolina turpentine industry in the late Antebellum period (1849-61) depended upon labour supplied by slaves who were either owned or hired. The nature of the work, which covered thousands of acres of forestland, led to the use of a task system whereby each slave was...