We study order aggressiveness of market-making high-frequency traders (MM-HFTs), opportunistic HFTs (Opp-HFTs), and non-HFTs. We find that MM-HFTs follow their own group's previous order submissions more than they follow other traders’ orders. Opp-HFTs and non-HFTs tend to split market orders...

This paper examines whether corporation governance structure has influence on internal audit report lag (IARL). The study studies a sample of 1244 observations from Year 2008 to Year 2011, obtained from Shenzhen Stock Exchange in China. Regression analysis indicates that firms, with fewer...

We initially derived elevation changes of Geoscience Laser Altimeter System level-2 altimetry data of Lambert Glacier overlapping footprints during each mission from 2003 to 2008. Then, surface elevation changes during every two adjacent missions were interpolated using inverse distance...

A force-driving cellular automata model considering the social force on cell movement, such as the desirous willing of a pedestrian to exit, the repulsive interaction among pedestrians or between pedestrians and obstacles, was set up to investigate the evacuation behaviors of pedestrians at a...

China’s economic transformation since 1978 has been remarkable. At the commencement of the reform period, China’s per capita GDP was lower than India’s, Pakistan’s, Indonesia’s, and Thailand’s, and about 3 per cent of that of the US. Today, it is multiples above Indian, Pakistani and...

This article discusses China’s incremental approach to SOE reform, the difficulties of continuing this approach as the need to make efficiency gains across all sectors of the economy becomes more acute, and future reform options and the challenges in carrying them out.

Recently, the OMX Stockholm Exchange changed the OMXS 30 index futures contract specifications. Before the change, the futures contract was settled forward style, at maturity only, and was not marked-to-market on a daily basis. Following the contract redesign, the contract is subject to daily...

This study analyses the information asymmetry at the stock market considering two different types of information flow. The first type represents changes in information where informed traders know if the stock price will increase or decrease. The second type is less specific - the direction is...

What is the optimal design of an options market? From investors' as well as the option exchange's point of view it ought to be a marketplace where demand and supply for different contracts balances, and where the choice between trading in different contracts ought to be discretionary considering...