Using wavelet-based multiresolution analysis, this study investigates the effect of hydrogen addition on cyclic variability in a natural gas spark ignition engine. The engine is operated at 3000rpm, and a lean combustible mixture with excess air ratio of 1.4 is used. Three cases are examined:...

In this paper, both the duration and the cost of an activity are modeled as random variables, and accordingly, the cumulative cost at each time point also becomes a random variable along a project’s progress. We first present the new concept of an “alphorn of uncertainty” (AoU) to describe...

Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are increasingly used in the United Kingdom's public facilities and services provision through the Private Finance Initiative (PFI). Despite some casualties, PPP/PFI projects have been undertaken successfully, but the reasons for success are not entirely clear....

Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are increasingly used in the United Kingdom's public facilities and services provision through the Private Finance Initiative (PFI). Despite some casualties, PPP/PFI projects have been undertaken successfully, but the reasons for success are not entirely clear....

In the last few years, vegetable industry developed rapidly in Hebei province, intensive raising seedling as its main component, also entered a period of rapid development. The background and characteristics, the current situation and existed questions of intensive seedling cultivation were...

In many applications the graph structure in a network arises from two sources: intrinsic connections and connections due to external effects. We introduce a sparse estimation procedure for graphical models that is capable of isolating the intrinsic connections by removing the external effects....

We introduce a nonparametric method for estimating non-Gaussian graphical models based on a new statistical relation called additive conditional independence, which is a three-way relation among random vectors that resembles the logical structure of conditional independence. Additive conditional...

type="main" xml:id="ecot12053-abs-0001" xml:lang="en" <title type="main">Abstract</title> <p>This paper examines the causal effect that trade openness has on government size in small developing countries (SDCs). We use the construction of the trade cost variables based on Baltic Dry Index in primary goods as instruments of...</p>

Liquid fuel such as bio-gasoline derived from biomass is widely recognized as a potential substitution for the diminishing fossil fuels due to its abundance of raw materials and lower greenhouse gas emissions. In this work, Ni/HZSM-5 catalysts were developed by incipient impregnation method and...