The non-homogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) model is a very important class of software reliability models and is widely used in software reliability engineering. NHPPs are characterized by their intensity functions. In the literature it is usually assumed that the functional forms of the...

We consider the credit valuation adjustment (CVA) of credit default swap under an interacting intensities model. The default intensities of the protection seller and the reference entity are both influenced by an external shock event. The arrival of the shock event is a regime switching Poisson...

The class of reduced form models is a very important class of credit risk models, and the modeling of the default dependence structure is essential in the reduced form models. This paper proposes a thinning-dependent structure model in the reduced form framework. The intensity process is the...

Reduced form credit risk models are important ones in credit risk theory. In such a model, certain correlated relations are constructed to represent the default dependence structure among the default intensity processes. In this paper, we introduced a reduced form credit risk model in which the...

Tourism industry is comprehensive, so it is able to converge with a great deal of industries. A case in point is intelligent tourism. Recently with the informatization increasingly developing, intelligent tourism has been taken seriously by the government and its fast development requires...

Based on the classic augmented Lagrangian multiplier method, we propose, analyze and test an algorithm for solving a class of equality-constrained non-smooth optimization problems (chiefly but not necessarily convex programs) with a particular structure. The algorithm effectively combines an...

Nitrogen (N) is the limiting factor for current biofuel production. Enormous quantities of waste N from agricultural, industrial and domestic use have been lost to the environment resulting in serious negative consequences. In this study, we discuss biofuel production using waste N (BPWN) on...

Scholars have emphasized the gradual ownership transformation of enterprises as a key driver of the Chinese economy's unprecedented growth. However, little work has been done on the issue of whether this transformation process takes place evenly across the various regions in China. This article...