Liquefaction bio-oil from sewage sludge using different organic solvent (methanol, ethanol or acetone) at temperature of 260–380 °C was characterized in terms of its elemental and chemical composition, and was further upgraded by microemulsion technology. The bio-oil obtained had high carbon...

The potential of algae-based biofuels to replace petroleum fuels and mitigate greenhouse gas production through microalgal photosynthesis has long been recognized. However, currently there are no commercial algae-to-fuels technologies that can overcome techno-economic barriers and address...

Promising energy crops such as <i>Jatropha curcas Linnaeus</i> (<i>JCL</i>), which are planted on marginal lands, or microalgae such as <i>Chlorella</i>, which are cultivated in ponds located on mudflats or deserts, have been regarded with high hopes to solve the shortage of food crops and increase the amount of...

Using wastewater to grow algae is probably the most promising route to reduce production costs associated with nutrients and water. In this study, a newly isolated facultative heterotrophic freshwater microalgae strain, Auxenochlorella protothecoides UMN280, was examined for algal growth,...

An effective semi-continuous process was developed to grow a locally isolated green microalga Chlorella sp. on acidogenically digested swine wastewater in bench scale for improved algal biomass production and waste nutrient removal using central composite design (CCD). The influences of two key...

We propose measures of the directional volatility spillovers between the Chinese and world equity markets based on Diebold and Yilmaz's (2011b) forecast-error variance decompositions in a generalized vector autoregressive framework. It was found that the US market had dominant volatility impacts...

Recently, research has begun to investigate the reasons for differences in homeownership rates between Asians and Whites. This paper extends this research by examining the heterogeneity that exists across Asian groups in the US. We find that there are important differences across geographical...