Energy poverty has gained attention in the context of increasing energy prices and the recent energy crisis in Europe. However, measuring energy poverty and characterizing the energy poor are challenging, given that expenditure surveys (household budget surveys) often need more information to...

Addressing energy poverty has emerged as one of the main challenges for Bulgaria's poverty and social inclusion policy, particularly in the context of the European Green Deal and the current crisis in Ukraine. To tackle the adverse impacts of energy poverty effectively, a crucial initial step...

According to the 2023 Gender Equality Index (EIGI) by the European Institute for Gender Equality, which measures gender equality across six dimensions,1 Bulgaria has closed critical gaps in gender equality. Still, more progress is needed to catch up with EU peers. Bulgaria has improved its...

To design effective policy instruments that target the energy poor in Romania, it is crucial to understand who the energy poor are. However, these types of analyses are limited by the current data environment. While monetary energy poverty estimates rely on data from expenditure surveys,...

Addressing energy poverty is paramount for economic development, given its close connection to income poverty. Research indicates that lower-income households are disproportionately affected by energy price increases. Such households lack the financial means to absorb these shocks, which can...

Abstract General Equilibrium Models have become a powerful tool of policy analysis in recent years. We provide an overview of the theoretical concept of Applied General Equilibrium Framework by reviewing the standard theory of producer and consumer behaviour. Moreover we discuss several popular...

Studie im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Technologie, Bonn 2012 (35 Seiten)

In this contribution we analyze Paul Kirchhof's income tax policy proposal with regard to conflicting goals of tax revenue, distributional effects and efficiency considerations. While effects on labor supply are moderate, the tax policy proposal reduces government budget revenue by 20 billion...

The German tax system is usually considered as one of the most progressive ones in Europe, especially due to its unique mathematical formula of continuously increasing marginal tax rates in the personal income tax. However, other taxes such as indirect or payroll taxes need to be considered as...

There is still considerable dispute about the magnitude of labor supply elasticities. While differences in micro and macro estimates are recently attributed to frictions and adjustment costs, we show that relatively low labor supply elasticities derived from microeconometric models can also be...