There is an ongoing debate whether frequency judgments are based on mental magnitudes reflecting prior on-line recording of frequencies or on recall content available at the time of judgment. We conducted four experiments to demonstrate that task characteristics can determine which kind of...

Recent studies on attitude formation found that affect-based attitudinal judgments reflect the cumulative combination of prior experiences even if people are not able to explicitly remember the information. The present experiment was conducted to investigate whether people are able to monitor...

The strength of decision routines was manipulated within a computer controlled micro-world simulation which required that participants make recurrent acquisition and disposal decisions. One week after having learned weak or strong routines, participants were confronted with changes in this...

In a study on penalty decisions in soccer, one hundred-fifteen participants who were either referees or players made decisions as referees for each of 20 videotaped scenes from an actual match. In three scenes, potential fouls were committed by defenders in their penalty areas. The first two...

Recent work on frequency estimation has provided evidence that availability, as measured by recall, determines judgments of set size but not of frequency of occurence. The latter in turn rather reflect actual presentation frequencies (Manis, Shelder, Jonides, & Nelson, 1993). In contrast, the...

Participants were exposed to the "asian disease" problem (Tversky & Kahneman, 1981). When the problem was subtly framed as a medical decision problem previous findings replicated: Participants avoided the risky option when the problem was framed positively, but preferred the risky option when...

Using an analogue of the lawyer-and-engineer item (Kahneman & Tversky, 1973), we compared conditions in which base-rates were either presented as percentages (A), or frequencies (B), to conditions in which the natural sampling process was described additionally (C) or was directly experienced...

This paper presents a computer controlled micro-world simulation (COMMERCE) to study routine effects in deliberate repeated decision making. COMMERCE employs an economic scenario which requires the participant to recurrently make acquisition and disposal decisions of industrial goods in order to...