This study examines whether and to what extent emerging-market multinational enterprises (EM MNEs) use outward foreign direct investment (FDI) in a developed market to capture knowledge spillovers so as to improve their technological capabilities at home. We refer to this as a “reverse...

Considerable attention has been focused on the ways in which emerging market firms can obtain and mobilize the knowledge and resources required for innovation. Innovation is a particular challenge in emerging markets because of inadequate external institutions. In this study, we focus on the...

Multinational enterprises (MNEs) encounter relentless stakeholder pressures when operating across linguistic, cultural and institutional boundaries. Our aims are to examine whether and how acquisition of language resources may help MNEs to bridge these boundaries and reduce pressures on MNE...